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Semen Analysis Lab Near Me: Get Comprehensive Testing
When it comes to assessing male fertility and reproductive health, a semen analysis is a vital diagnostic tool. At Sunrise Diagnostic Centre in Pune, we offer comprehensive semen analysis tests to provide valuable insights into sperm quantity, quality, and overall reproductive health. Whether you’re concerned about infertility or monitoring the success of a vasectomy, our state-of-the-art facility is here to meet your needs.
Understanding Semen Analysis
A semen analysis evaluates various aspects of the fluid released during ejaculation, including sperm count, motility, morphology, and more. This test is crucial for assessing male fertility and identifying any potential issues that may affect conception.
What Does a Semen Analysis Measure?
During a semen analysis, several key parameters are evaluated:
- Volume of Semen: This measures the amount of fluid ejaculated during orgasm.
- Sperm Count: The total number of sperm present in the semen sample.
- Sperm Motility: This assesses the ability of sperm to move effectively. Motility is essential for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg.
- Sperm Morphology: Evaluates the size and shape of sperm. Normal morphology is crucial for successful fertilization.
- Fructose Levels: Fructose is a sugar in semen that provides energy to sperm. Low fructose levels may indicate an issue with sperm function.
- pH Levels: Measures the acidity of the semen sample, which can impact sperm health.
- White Blood Cell Count: Elevated levels of white blood cells may indicate an infection or inflammation.
Why Choose Sunrise Diagnostic Centre for Semen Analysis Near Me?
At Sunrise Diagnostic Centre, we understand the sensitive nature of fertility testing. Our experienced team of professionals is committed to providing accurate results in a discreet and comfortable environment. We utilize advanced technology and adhere to strict quality control measures to ensure the reliability of our tests.
Affordable Semen Analysis Test in Pune | Semen Analysis Test Cost
We believe that everyone should have access to quality healthcare services at an affordable price. That’s why our semen analysis test at Sunrise Diagnostic Centre is priced at just 500/- rupees. We aim to make fertility testing accessible to all individuals who need it.
Preparing for Your Semen Analysis
To ensure accurate results, it’s essential to follow preparation instructions provided by our team. This may include abstaining from ejaculation for 2 to 5 days before the test and avoiding alcohol consumption. Following these guidelines will help optimize the quality of your semen sample.
Schedule Your Semen Analysis Today
If you’re concerned about male fertility or need to monitor the success of a vasectomy, don’t hesitate to contact Sunrise Diagnostic Centre in Pune. Our friendly staff will be happy to assist you in scheduling your semen analysis test and answering any questions you may have. Take the first step towards understanding your reproductive health and book your appointment today!
Frequently Asked Questions
- 2D echo
- AEC test
- Anomaly Scan
- Beta HCG
- bleeding time test:
- Blood Group test
- blood sugar level test
- Calcium Blood Test
- Cardiac Stress Test
- Clotting time test
- Covid HRCT test
- Covid test
- Creatinine Test
- CRP test
- CT Abdomen And Pelvis
- CT Brain Scan
- Ct Scan
- CT Scan Mucormycosis
- D-Dimer Test:
- Doppler
- ECG test
- ESR test
- ferritin blood test
- hemoglobin A1C
- Hemoglobin FAQ
- Hemogram test
- Hepatitis B Test
- HIV test
- LDH blood test:
- Lipid profile test
- Liver function test
- NT Scan
- Protein Test
- PT/INR test:
- PTT TEST
- Pulmonary Function Test
- Rapid Antigen Test
- Renal function test
- RT PCR
- Sonography
- Stool Test
- TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone) Test
- Tuberculin skin test:
- Ultrasonography
- Urinalysis test
- USG Abdomen and Pelvis Test
- Vitamin B12 FAQ
- Vitamin-D FAQ
- xray
For abdominal ultrasound patients must drink 4 to 6 glasses of water.
For the ultrasound, patients must wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing.
In an ultrasound high-energy wound waves are used to look at tissues and organs of the body. this test is non-invasive and painless, there is no radiation involved in ultrasound. ultrasound can find out the cysts, Gallstones,
Abnormal enlargement of the spleen, Abnormal growth of liver & pancreas, fatty liver disease.
If symptoms occur, they begin an average of 90 days (range: 60–150 days) after exposure to HBV.
Yes. Pregnant people should receive HBsAg testing during each pregnancy, and those who are HBsAg-positive should have HBV DNA testing. AASLD recommends that pregnant people who test positive for HBsAg with HBV DNA levels of >200,000 IU/ML be provided antiviral therapy to reduce perinatal HBV transmission .
Hepatitis B is the most common serious liver infection in the world. It is a virus that specifically attacks cells in the liver. Globally, there are nearly 300 million people living with chronic hepatitis B. Additionally, it has been estimated that about 2 billion people have been infected with hepatitis B (either acute or chronic). There are other viruses that may attack the liver such as hepatitis A, C, D and E, but each virus is unique. Fortunately, there is a vaccine to prevent new hepatitis B infections and excellent treatments for those that need treatment.
Hepatitis B can result in either an acute or chronic infection. When a person is newly infected, it is called an “acute” infection. If the person continues to test positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for longer than 6 months, then it is considered a chronic infection. Testing is the only way to know for sure if a person is infected with hepatitis B, and if they have acute or chronic infection.
Your TSH test results can tell you if your thyroid is making too much or too little thyroid. But the test can’t explain why your TSH levels may be too high or too low.
If your test results aren’t normal, your provider will probably order other thyroid blood tests to find out what’s causing your thyroid problem. These blood tests may include:
- T4 thyroid hormone test
- T3 thyroid hormone test
- Thyroid antibodies test to help diagnose an autoimmune thyroid disorder, such as:
- Graves’ disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism
- Hashimoto’s disease, that the most common cause of hypothyroidism
In certain cases, an abnormal TSH result may be a sign of a pituitary gland problem, but this doesn’t happen often.
TSH levels may be high or low even when your thyroid gland is healthy. Serious illnesses not related to your thyroid may cause lower TSH levels for a short time. And TSH levels may be higher in people over age 80, even though they don’t have any thyroid problems.
There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
You don’t need any special preparations for a TSH blood test. If your health care provider has ordered other blood tests, you may need to fast (not eat or drink) for several hours before the test. Your provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
Yes, the Beta hCG test confirms pregnancy. hCG is a hormone secreted by the cells of the placenta.
When the fertilized egg gets attached to the uterine wall, it forms the placenta.
Your doctor will help you understand why your hCG levels are high. It can bolster in finding out an ectopic pregnancy- pregnancy outside the uterus.
There is no specific preparation for the Beta hCG test. You do not even need to fast to take this test. There are two ways to give this test. One is by urine, and the second is by blood. Both of these do not require fasting. Just bear in mind, avoid biotin-rich food items. Read More..
Yes, you can test it on an empty stomach. Overnight fasting or having no breakfast is unnecessary for testing hCG levels.
Make sure- you do not consume non-vegetarian foods, dry fruits, potatoes, or sweet potatoes 24 hours before the Beta hCG test. These foods contain biotin, which causes false low hCG levels in blood tests.
The usual level of Beta hCG hormone found in a non-pregnant woman is < 5 IU/L, in a postmenopausal woman is < 9.5 IU/L, and in a healthy man is < 2 IU/L.
A good Beta hCG level is > 5 IU/L and < 70 IU/L for the first three weeks of the pregnancy.
You find hCG levels in your blood or urine. A healthcare professional will take a blood or urine sample. To find out the reading of the hCG hormone.
The professional will tie an elastic band around your biceps to make the vein visible to draw out your blood. It is a usual blood testing method.
You require a Beta hCG test to know if you are pregnant. Some doctors advise the Beta hCG test to screen the fetus and understand the age of the fetus.
If you are undergoing any fertility treatment, your fertility doctor will order a test just before your period to know if the treatment is successful. Read More..
The Charges of an Anomaly Scan in Pune vary from Rs. 1000 to Rs. 4000.
The Anomaly scan will reveal any major physical abnormalities in your baby.
The anomaly scan is usually performed between 18 to 22 weeks.
Yes, an Anomaly Scan is very important in Pregnancy.
Anomaly Scan is a mid-pregnancy scan in that: they aim to look for any major physical abnormalities in the baby and in the womb (uterus).
The Charges of an NT Scan in Pune vary from Rs.600 to Rs.2000.
NT Scan is performed in between 11 to 14 weeks the accuracy of nuchal scan is best.
The NT scan helps detect the presence of chromosomal defects in the fetus.
NT scan can accurately measure the size, shape, and position of your baby. It may also show the presence of chromosomal or birth defects.
NT is a screening test that helps estimate the risk of Down syndrome and a few other chromosomal conditions. The test measures the amount of fluid in the tissue at the back of your baby’s neck (nuchal translucency). Babies with an increased amount of fluid have an increased chance of having Down syndrome or another chromosomal condition. It is important to note that the test does not detect all cases of Down syndrome or other chromosomal conditions. NT is a prenatal ultrasound measurement of the baby’s translucent area at the back of the neck. The measurement can assist in screening for chromosomal abnormalities including Down syndrome.
A transvaginal ultrasound may be performed in case it is difficult to produce a clear image during the early stages of pregnancy.
Ultrasound testing is used during pregnancy to check the baby’s development and that everything is okay. Ultrasound scans are a cost-effective way of checking the health of an unborn baby.
- Transabdominal (standard) ultrasound
- Transvaginal ultrasound
- Doppler imaging
- 3D ultrasound
- 4D ultrasound
- Fetal echocardiogram
An ultrasound is a painless test that uses sound waves and a computer screen, instead of needles and X-rays, to get images of your body – it can show how many babies you are carrying and their movements as they grow.
The organs depicted on a CT scan of the abdomen/pelvis are the appendix, intestines, bladder, ovaries, uterus, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
CT scanning of the abdomen/pelvis is also performed to: Visualize the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidney.
A CT scan of the pelvis is an x-ray that can be used to create cross-sectional pictures of the area between the hip bones.
The abdominal and pelvis CT scan takes about 20 minutes.
Doctors use CT of the head to detect a stroke, which occurs when bleeding or a blood clot blocks the brain’s vessels.
During a brain CT, the x-ray beams will pass through the patient’s head. These X-ray beams will come back to the computer.
A CT scan of the head takes 20–30 minutes.
Depending on the type of infection, surgery is sometimes required. If your infection doesn’t improve with medication, it may be necessary to remove the infected tissue.
The key symptoms of mucormycosis are fever, cough, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, chest pain, weight loss, and thick sputum production. Symptoms vary, depending on the area of the body affected. Common symptoms include fever.
Mycosis is an infection that is caused due to the fungus Rhizopus oryzae. This infection takes place in the mucous lining of the sinuses, lungs, and throat. This infection is quite rare yet very dangerous. This fungus causes exotoxin which attacks the immune system and destroys it. A human being may be exposed to this infection following specific risks which are definitely avoidable.
Covid Test price in Pune varies from Rs.1000 to Rs.2000.
Diagnose coronavirus infection with our comprehensive and convenient diagnostic service. While symptoms of coronavirus may resemble those of other illnesses, its diagnosis is based on a variety of tests.
No, doctors cannot tell if a person has Coronavirus by looking at them. The physical examination cannot confirm whether a patient is infected by a coronavirus. You need to be further tested Diagnostic Center.
The virus spreads when you breathe in droplets from an infected person’s coughs or sneezes.
- fever,
- dry cough,
- tiredness,
- difficulty breathing,
- sore throat
Coronavirus is a type of virus. Coronavirus named Covid-19. Coronavirus spread through the air from one infected person to another.
Rapid Antigen Test cost is Rs. 250 at Sunrise Diagnostic Center & Pathology Lab, Pune
The Rapid Antigen Test report will be available within 3 hours at the Sunrise Diagnostic Center.
Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are laboratory tests that directly detect the presence or absence of an antigen. The rapid antigen test is a diagnostic test that determines if one has an active coronavirus infection. Various rapid antigen tests are used to diagnose infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV.
HRCT Chest price is Rs. 2000 at Sunrise Diagnostics Center in Pune. For more details contact us now +91 9028801188
The HRCT test will take about 40 to 60 minutes.
The HRCT test also called a High-Resolution CT scan (HRCT), is the preferred test when seeking an early diagnosis of lung cancer. It allows them to see the tumor as well as possible.
Are there any risks to the test? Stress tests are usually safe. Sometimes exercise or the medicine that increases your heart rate can cause symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, or nausea. You will be monitored closely throAre there any risks to the test? Stress tests are usually safe. Sometimes exercise or the medicine that increases your heart rate can cause symptoms such as chest pain, dizziness, or nausea. You will be monitored closely throughout the test to reduce your risk of complications or to quickly treat any health problemsughout the test to reduce your risk of complications or to quickly treat any health problems
The test takes about one hour, including prep time and actual test time. The cardiac stress test itself only lasts around 15 minutes. During your test, you may walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bicycle.
A stress test, also called an exercise stress test, shows how your heart works during physical activity. Because exercise makes your heart pump harder and faster, an exercise stress test can reveal problems with blood flow within your heart.
Pulmonary Function Tests: What to Expect
You may need to stop taking some before testing. Do not eat, smoke, or exercise 4-8 hours before testing. Wear loose-fitting clothing.
Caffeine can also affect the pulmonary function test by causing the airways to be more open than they would normally. Patients should avoid caffeine as well as smoking for several hours before their appointment.
These tests are not painful. They are performed by a pulmonary function technician, who will require you to use maximal effort to blow out and breathe in air. The tests are repeated several times to make sure the results are accurate.
A complete pulmonary function test has three parts. You may be given the entire test or only certain parts. The entire test is painless and can last 45–90 minutes. If you get tired, you can take a break between test sections.
An increased ESR rate may be due to some infections, including: Bodywide (systemic) infection. Bone infections. Infection of the heart or heart valves.
It rises with age and in anaemia. Calculation of predicted value: men – ESR given by age in years divided by 2. women – ESR given by age in (years+10) divided by 2.
ESR varies greatly with age and sex, and corresponding reference values are proposed. Lifestyle factors (physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) and common metabolic abnormalities (obesity and related metabolic syndrome) may also influence ESR values.
A lab specialist will measure the rate that your red blood cells settle toward the bottom of the tube after 1 hour. If you have a condition that causes inflammation or cell damage, your red blood cells tend to clump together. This makes them heavier, so they settle faster.
There is no special test preparation required for an ESR test. Before the test, make sure to tell your doctor about any drugs or supplements that you take because some medications may affect your results.
Normal ECG. A normal ECG is illustrated above. Note that the heart is beating in a regular sinus rhythm between 60 – 100 beats per minute (specifically 82 bpm). All the important intervals on this recording are within normal ranges
A health care provider might use an electrocardiogram to determine or detect: Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) If blocked or narrowed arteries in the heart (coronary artery disease) are causing chest pain or a heart attack. Whether you have had a previous heart attack.
There is no need to restrict food or drink before having an ECG test. Always let your doctor know what medications you are taking before you have an ECG, and if you have any allergies to adhesive tapes that may be used to attach electrodes.
You don’t need to do anything special to prepare for the test. You can eat and drink as normal beforehand. Before the electrodes are attached, you’ll usually need to remove your upper clothing, and your chest may need to be shaved or cleaned.
You may eat and drink normally before the Doppler test. How is a Doppler Ultrasound Scan performed? You will then be asked to lie quietly, as flat as you are able, for 15-20 minutes before the Doppler test
The Doppler effect is used in some types of radar, to measure the velocity of detected objects. A radar beam is fired at a moving target — e.g. a motor car, as police use radar to detect speeding motorists — as it approaches or recedes from the radar source.
A normal result means the blood vessels show no signs of narrowing, clots, or closure, and the arteries have normal blood flow.
There are three main types of Doppler systems: continuous wave, pulsed wave, and power Doppler.
For a Doppler ultrasound on your belly, your doctor may tell you to fast for 6 to 12 hours before the test. That means you won’t be able to eat or drink anything during that time. You’ll only be able to drink a small amount of water to take your regular medicines.
- If you have any symptoms of the COVID-19 like fever, cough, sore throat, difficulty breathing.
- For traveling purposes, you have to need a confirmatory test.
- RT PCR is a Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
- RT-PCR tests that can detect the COVID-19 virus in human cells.
A laboratory RT PCR test can diagnosis the COVID-19.
- fever,
- dry cough,
- tiredness,
- difficulty breathing,
- sore throat
Coronavirus is a type of virus. Coronavirus named Covid-19. Coronavirus spread through the air from one infected person to another.
Hemoglobin and hematocrit are both red blood cell measurements that are used to help diagnose nutritional deficiencies, acute illnesses, and chronic medical conditions. Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells (RBCs), and hematocrit reflects the percentage of blood volume that is composed of red blood cells
The process usually takes 5 to 10 minutes. However, sometimes it may take more time to identify a vein. Factors such as dehydration, the experience of the phlebotomist, and the size of your veins can impact how quickly a blood draw can be done.
In general, the reference ranges are: White blood cells: 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter (cells/mcL) Red blood cells: 4.5 million to 5.9 million cells/mcL for men; 4.1 million to 5.1 million cells/mcL for women. Hemoglobin: 14 to 17.5 grams per deciliter (gm/dL) for men; 12.3 to 15.3 gm/dL for women.
How you prepare. If your blood sample is being tested only for a complete blood count, you can eat and drink normally before the test. If your blood sample will be used for additional tests, you may need to fast for a certain amount of time before the test. Your doctor will give you specific instructions.
This test is necessary in diagnosing anemia, hematological cancers, infections, acute hemorrhagic states, allergies, and immunodeficiencies. Also it is used for monitoring side effects of certain drugs. A pediatrician is frequently challenged for evaluating complete blood count as a part patient’s assessment.
Transthoracic echocardiogram, Transesophageal echocardiogram, Doppler ultrasound, Three-dimensional echocardiogram, Two-dimensional echocardiogram
2D Echo test takes around half an hour to 1 hour to complete the test.
2d echo test cost in Pune varies from Rs.1200 to Rs.2000
Echocardiography or 2D Echo is mostly performed to discover the following: Any underlying heart disease or abnormalities. Congenital heart disease and blood clots or tumors.
Radiography with an X-ray is your starting place for diagnosing or screening a wide range of health problems, such as pneumonia. X-beam innovation is progressively effectively accessible to the clinical network because of its minimal effort. It’s non-intrusive, moderately harmless, and rapidly creates the pictures we should have the option to analyze issues effectively. Traditional X-rays have been around since the early 1900 s, using pictures to capture images of the body’s internal structures.
With the inclusion of computer technology, digital radiography has become a much more efficient, cost-efficient, and even safer means of creating diagnostic images.
The cost of an X-Ray varies it depends on the type of X-Ray you want to get. Visit us now for a Request for X-Ray prices.
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, like a light. X-rays are shorter than radio waves and longer than gamma rays. Because they can pass through both the human body and most types of solid objects they are useful in medical imaging. X-ray imagery is used to see inside objects with different levels of detail.
X-ray is a medical imaging technique that uses invisible electromagnetic or particle radiation to see inside the human body. The term X-ray refers to a kind of electromagnetic radiation that can pass through solid objects, most often used for medical imaging.
Benefits of CT Scan are given below:
- CT Scan provides Quickly acquire images.
- Give clear and explicit data.
- CT scanners provide information in seconds (sometimes in fractions of a second ) it will be depending on the examination.
CT scans can detect bone and joint problems, like complex bone fractures and tumors. If you have a condition like cancer, emphysema, heart disease, or liver masses, CT scans can spot it or assist specialists with seeing any changes. They show internal injuries and bleeding, such as those caused by a car accident.
Cost of a CT scan in Pune starting from Rs.2,500.
CT scans can detect bone and joint problems, like complex bone fractures and tumors. If you have a condition like cancer, emphysema, heart disease, or liver masses, CT scans can spot it or assist specialists with seeing any changes. They show internal injuries and bleeding, such as those caused by a car accident.
Cost of a CT scan in Pune starting from Rs.2,500.
CT scan takes 10 to 15 minutes to complete. The time of the CT scan will depend on the part of the body that is scanned.
Endoscopic sonography, Doppler sonography, Color Doppler, Duplex sonography, Triplex sonography, Transvaginal sonography.
Yes, Sunrise Diagnostic Center & Pathology Lab, in Pune provides sonography services in Kothrud, Karve Nagar, Shivane, Narhe, Hingane, Dhayari, Warje, Sinhagd Road, etc. Call us now at 9028801188
The price of Pregnancy sonography is not fixed. its depends on various factors. To get pregnancy sonography charges in Pune, Contact us on 9028801188.
For some type of ultrasound like renal and pelvic, advises people to drink at least 2 to 4 glass of water before 30 minutes of the test. so that pelvic organs inside of pelvis can easily be seen on abdominal ultrasound.
No. Most Sonography test is painless.
Ultrasound imaging uses sound waves to produce pictures of the interior of the human body. It’s utilized to help diagnose the source of pain, swelling, and infection in the body’s internal organs and also to examine the child in pregnant females and the brain.
Diagnostic ultrasound, also known as sonography, is an imaging system that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of structures inside your own body. The pictures can provide valuable info for treating and diagnosing a wide range of diseases and conditions.
There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
You don’t need any special preparations for a calcium blood test or a basic metabolic panel. If your health care provider has ordered more tests on your blood sample, you may need to fast (not eat or drink) for several hours before the test. Your health care provider will let you know if there are any special instructions to follow.
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
You may need this test if you have symptoms of kidney disease. These include:
- fatigue
- Puffiness around the eyes
- swelling in your feet and/or ankles
- Decreased appetite
- Frequent and painful urination
- Urine that is foamy or bloody
You may also need this test if you have certain risk factors for kidney disease. You may be at higher risk for kidney disease if you have:
- Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes
- A family history of kidney disease
- High Blood pressure
There is very little risk to having a blood test. There may be slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
A health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
You may get this test as part of a comprehensive metabolic panel, which is often included in a routine checkup. You may also need this test if you have symptoms that indicate abnormal protein levels. These include:
- Swelling in the feet, ankles, legs, and/or abdomen, which is caused by extra fluid in your tissues
- Fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). This is a common symptom of liver disease.
- Blood in the urine, a common symptom of kidney disease
There is very little risk to having a blood test. You may have slight pain or bruising at the spot where the needle was put in, but most symptoms go away quickly.
There is no risk to having a urine test.
You may be told to not eat cooked meat for 24 hours before your test. Studies have shown that cooked meat can temporarily raise creatinine levels.
This test measures creatinine levels in blood and/or urine. Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles as part of regular, everyday activity. Normally, your kidneys filter creatinine from your blood and send it out of the body in your urine. If there is a problem with your kidneys, creatinine can build up in the blood and less will be released in urine. If blood and/or urine creatinine levels are not normal, it can be a sign of kidney deases.
Other names: blood creatinine, serum creatinine, urine creatinine
The TST is a simple and safe test and side effects are uncommon. The side effects are mainly related to the size of the reaction and include swelling, redness and itchiness that may take a few weeks to clear.Very strong reactions are uncommon but may result in a painful swelling of several centimetres in size, blistering or ulceration. This will heal with almost no scarring. The effects of the TST are localised to the site and more general reactions are extremely rare.
A positive reaction usually remains visible for about 1 week. A positive tuberculin skin test does not mean you have a contagious (active) infection. The test cannot tell if the infection is active or inactive (latent TB). It also cannot tell the difference between a TB infection and a TB vaccination (BCG vaccination).
A positive TST result indicates that an individual may have latent TB infection. People with latent TB infection are not contagious and cannot spread TB infection to others. The purpose of TST among health care students and employees is to ensure that individuals receive appropriate testing and treatment for TB disease, and individuals who are exposed to a patient with infectious TB receive the correct follow-up testing for TB.
The three most common are hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency), hemophilia B (Factor IX deficiency) and von Willebrand disease.
The normal bleeding time is between 2-7 minutes. The normal clotting time in a person is between 8-15 minutes. By understanding the time taken for blood to clot, it can be determined if the person has haemophilia or von Willibrand’s disease.
Bleeding time (BT) depends on various factors such as functions of platelets and endothelial cells of arteries and pathways of coagulation. Clotting time (CT) is increased due to the absence or abnormality of clotting factors.
The normal BT values run in the range of 2-9 minutes. The risk of bleeding increases with BT values more than 10 minutes. In this study all incisions were made by a lancet and standard filter papers were selected to draw off the blood.
Bleeding time is a medical test that measures how fast small blood vessels in the skin stop bleeding. The bleeding time test is used to evaluate how well a person’s blood is clotting. The test evaluates how long it takes the vessels cut to constrict and how long it takes for platelets in the blood to seal off the hole.
Precautions for bleeding time (BT)
This test should be avoided in a patient with a low platelet count. A patient with aspirin may have a false positive (raised value). Avoid in patients with keloid formation or senile skin changes. Avoid in patients who have undergone mastectomy or axillary lymph node dissection.
People with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency experience fatigue, muscle pain, and cramps during exercise (exercise intolerance). In some people with lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency, high-intensity exercise or other strenuous activity leads to the breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis).
LDH is found in many of the body’s tissues and organs, including the muscles, liver, heart, pancreas, kidneys, brain and blood cells. The LDH test is mainly used to help identify the location and severity of tissue damage in the body. It’s also sometimes used to monitor how far certain conditions have progressed.
The reference range of LDH is between 140-280 U/L. This means that diabetes has adverse effects through increasing the levels of LDH. This is in agreement with other studies that reported higher levels of LDH in diabetic patients compared with control group (10).
Normal Results
Normal value range is 105 to 333 international units per liter (IU/L). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples.
It increases at 12 hours and peaks at 24-48 hours. A very high level thus indicates acute myocardial infarction. Greater than a 50 times increase in LDH-1 and LDH-2 indicates megaloblastic anemia.
High LDH levels
High levels of LDH indicate some form of tissue damage. High levels of more than one isoenzyme may indicate more than one cause of tissue damage. For example, a patient with pneumonia could also have a heart attack. Extremely high levels of LDH could indicate severe disease or multiple organ failure.
You don’t need any special preparations for an LDH blood test.
• Too much anticoagulant medicine, a type of blood thinner that helps prevent clots.
• Other medicines, such as aspirin, NSAIDs, and some antibiotics, when you also are using anticoagulants.
• Health conditions, such as liver failure or bleeding disorders
Certain foods and dietary supplements have vitamin K. Vitamin K works against warfarin. If you eat more vitamin K, it can lower your INR. If you eat less vitamin K, it can raise your INR.
Increase or decrease oral Vitamin K administration based on the clinical situation. Parenteral Vitamin K should only be used for life-threatening bleeding and is therefore not appropriate for outpatient use.
INR levels above 4.9 are considered critical values and increase the risk of bleeding.
No special preparation is needed.
Illness, change in diet, and some medications (as mentioned above) can alter PT/INR results. Certain foods, such as beef and pork liver, green tea, broccoli, chickpeas, kale, turnip greens, and soybean products contain large amounts of vitamin K and can alter PT/INR results.
A normal range is around 21 to 35 seconds. But test results will vary depending on equipment and methods used. So standard normal results will differ in each lab. If your aPTT takes longer than normal, it may mean several things.
Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem or if your blood does not clot properly. A related blood test is prothrombin time (PT) .
A longer-than-normal PTT or APTT can be caused by liver disease, kidney disease (such as nephrotic syndrome), or treatment with blood thinners. A longer-than-normal PTT may be caused by conditions such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome or lupus anticoagulant syndrome.
You will not need to fast before a PT. You’ll need to have your blood drawn for a PT test. This is an outpatient procedure usually performed at a diagnostic lab. It takes only a few minutes and causes little to no pain.
The rarest blood types are: B negative(B -ve), which is found in 1.5 percent of the total population. AB negative(AB -ve), which is found in 0.6 percent of the total population. AB positive(AB +ve), which is found in 3.4 percent of the total population.
Rh-null
One of the world’s rarest blood types is one named Rh-null. This blood type is distinct from Rh negative since it has none of the Rh antigens at all. There are less than 50 people who have this blood type. It is sometimes called “golden blood.
What’s the rarest blood type? AB negative is the rarest of the eight main blood types – just 1% of our donors have it. Despite being rare, demand for AB negative blood is low and we don’t struggle to find donors with AB negative blood.
You cannot donate blood if you:
Are HIV positive Are a Hepatitis B or C carrier Have received money or drugs for sex Have taken injections with drugs, body-building drugs or injectable tanning agents
A person having O negative blood group lacks all the antigens and hence has antibodies against A and B antigens in their plasma. Hence they can donate blood to people with any blood group.
Caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco are all examples of substances that could affect lab test results, depending on the amount consumed and the type of test. Caffeinated beverages such as coffee and black tea are considered diuretics, and can affect the speed of digestion.
The highest peak blood sugar levels generally occur 1 hour after a meal if carbs were eaten. At 2 hours, protein begins to break down into blood sugar so one may begin to see some food effect. Test both before and after your snack and see what differences in readings you may notice.
avoid eating or drinking anything (fasting) apart from water, for up to 12 hours – read more about eating and drinking before having a blood test. Stop taking certain medicines.
Some of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are:
• Feeling more thirsty than usual.
• Urinating often.
• Losing weight without trying.
• Presence of ketones in the urine. …
• Feeling tired and weak.
• Feeling irritable or having other mood changes.
• Having blurry vision.
• Having slow-healing sores.
Your health care provider may recommend blood sugar testing 4 to 10 times a day if you have type 1 diabetes. You may need to test: Before meals and snacks. Before and after exercise.
Prompt, early medical treatment and a healthy lifestyle can help you stay well. We have more and better treatments today, and people are living longer and with a better quality of life than ever before. In fact, depending on what else is going on with their health, HIV-infected persons who get on and stay on their medicines can expect to live almost as long as people who don’t have HIV.
You’ll need to keep your doctor’s appointments, take your HIV medicines exactly as directed, and take steps so others don’t get the virus from you.
Most rapid tests and self-tests are antibody tests. A rapid antigen/antibody test done with blood from a finger stick can usually detect HIV 18 to 90 days after exposure. An antigen/antibody lab test using blood from a vein can usually detect HIV 18 to 45 days after exposure.
HIV antibody tests, confirmed by the second test, are not affected by other circumstances. This includes infections, medications, most vaccinations, putting on weight, eating or drinking anything before the test, use of alcohol or recreational drugs, mouthwash or time of day.
• Coconut, hemp, oat, almond, or rice milk.
• Dairy-free yogurts.
• Dairy-free cheeses.
• Coconut or cashew ice cream.
• Hemp products.
• Coconut milk products.
Glucocorticoids are the most effective current therapy used to reduce eosinophil numbers in the blood and tissue (Table 1), but the pleiotropic effects of corticosteroids can result in potentially harmful side effects and limit their therapeutic use.
This test, unlike other common blood tests, does not require fasting. No other special preparation is required. It is advisable for the test taker to inform their doctor or test provider about any medical conditions or allergies otherwise existing.
Symptoms
• Difficulty swallowing, also called dysphagia.
• Food getting stuck in the esophagus after swallowing, also known as impaction.
• Chest pain that is often centrally located and does not respond to antacids.
• Backflow of undigested food, known as regurgitation
If the levels are elevated, it means that the body is sending a lot more white blood cells than needed to fight off any sort of infections. The eosinophil count is generally a test that is able to measure the number of eosinophils in the body.
Ferritin test requires a blood sample. A tourniquet (elastic) band is placed tightly on the upper arm. The patient is then asked to make a fist. This helps in the build-up of blood filling the veins. The skin is disinfected before needle insertion and the blood sample is collected in vacutainer.
The healthcare professional arranging your test will tell you if you need to do anything to prepare for it. You can eat and drink as normal before some blood tests. But if you’re having a “fasting blood test”, you will be told not to eat or drink anything (other than water) beforehand.
Ferritin Test measures serum ferritin levels in the body.
Ferritin Test is recommended if one has symptoms of disease occurring from low/ high iron levels.
Symptoms of low iron levels: Pale skin, Fatigue, Weakness, Dizziness, shortness of breath, Rapid heart beat
Symptoms of high iron levels: joint pain, abdominal pain, lack of energy, weight loss.
Serum ferritin concentrations may serve as a tool to monitor the effects of iron therapy
Other factors, such as diet and inflammatory health conditions, can affect your ferritin levels. There could’ve also been an error in the collection, transport or processing of the test. If you have an abnormal result, your healthcare provider will discuss your results with you.
• Extreme fatigue.
• Weakness.
• Pale skin.
• Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath.
• Headache, dizziness or lightheadedness.
• Cold hands and feet.
• Inflammation or soreness of your tongue.
• Brittle nails.
The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) increases when there’s inflammation in your body. A simple blood test can be done to check your C-reactive protein level. A high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test is more sensitive than a standard CRP test.
CRP shows a rapid response to infection and inflammation, increasing within hours of stimulus and returning rapidly to normal following resolution. Typically CRP begins to rise within 4-6 hours of stimulus, peaks within 36–50 hours, and returns to normal 3–7 days following resolution.
However, that study was limited in that hs-CRP was measured between 9 AM and 10 PM. In our study, we measured hs-CRP 4 times over 24 hours at 6-hour intervals, and we observed the highest levels of hs-CRP in the morning, with a variation of 86%.
A number of things may cause your CRP levels to be slightly higher than normal. These include obesity, lack of exercise, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. Certain medicines can cause your CRP levels to be lower than normal. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and steroids.
Your healthcare provider will let you know what you need to do to prepare for a CRP test, but in most cases, you won’t need to do anything special to prepare for it (such as fasting before the test).
Normal Results
The normal values range from pH 4.6 to 8.0. The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples
Dipstick urine analysis is a quick and inexpensive test however sensitivity (and therefore negative predictive value) were found to be as low as 75%.
The results of urine tests can be affected by diet, dehydration, medicines, exercise, and other factors. Sometimes, you will be asked to come back and give another sample. Many people are familiar with pregnancy tests that use urine to detect a substance that only pregnant women produce.
A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. It can help find problems that need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease.
Before the test, don’t eat foods that can change the colour of your urine. Examples of these include blackberries, beets, and rhubarb. Don’t do heavy exercise before the test. Tell your doctor ALL the medicines and natural health products you take.
Although many stool tests do not require dietary restrictions, you might need to fast for some of them. People with watery diarrhea may have stool electrolyte and osmolality tests, which are generally not affected by specific foods but sometimes require fasting.
There are two main types of stool tests to choose from. A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) detects the presence of blood in your feces. The second type, a stool DNA test, detects the presence of genetic material from polyps and cancerous tumors.
Here’s how to do the test right: Watch what you eat. Two days before and the day of the fecal occult blood test, cut out all red meat, beets, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, cauliflower, cucumbers, grapefruit, horseradish, mushrooms, radishes, and turnips, which can all trigger false alarms.
Stool samples are typically stable up to 14 days after collection. To make sure your sample arrives in time to be tested, please register and return your sample to the lab promptly after specimen collection.
For about three days before the test, your doctor may ask you to avoid:
• Certain fruits and vegetables, including broccoli and turnips.
• Red meat.
• Vitamin C supplements.
• Pain relievers, such as aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others)
ACT stands for activated clotting time. It is a clotting test that may be performed in the interventional suite and is commonly used to monitor the effect of heparin. A small sample of whole blood is placed in the testing machine, and a result is available in less than 5 minutes.
The average time range for blood to clot is about 10 to 13 seconds. A number higher than that range means it takes blood longer than usual to clot. A number lower than that range means blood clots more quickly than normal.
The normal range of clotting times is 2-8 minutes. For the measurement of clotting time by the test tube method, blood is placed in a glass test tube and kept at 37° C. The required time for the blood to clot is measured.
This test should be avoided in a patient with a low platelet count. A patient with aspirin may have a false positive (raised value). Avoid in patients with keloid formation or senile skin changes. Avoid in patients who have undergone mastectomy or axillary lymph node dissection.
In the extrinsic pathway, factors VII and III are also known as stabilizing factor and tissue factor, respectively. The common pathway factors X, V, II, I, and XIII are also known as Stuart-Prower factor, proaccelerin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, and fibrin-stabilizing factor respectively.
A 24-hour urine test shows how much urine your kidneys produce, can give an more accurate measurement of how well your kidney are working and how much protein leaks from the kidney into the urine in one day. Urinalysis: Includes microscopic examination of a urine sample as well as a dipstick test.
Unfortunately, the initial creatinine tests can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.” Misdiagnoses appear to be common, according to the researchers’ review of the electronic health records of 3.8 million emergency and intensive care patients.
Blood urea nitrogen, Serum urea , Serum creatinine, Serum sodium, Serum potassium, and Serum uric acid are some of the parameters that the Kidney Function Test determines.
CKD patients have greater requirements for some water soluble vitamins. Special renal vitamins are usually prescribed to kidney patients to provide the extra water soluble vitamins needed. Renal vitamins contain vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin and a small dose of vitamin C.
Kidney function tests check how well your kidneys are working. Healthy kidneys assist with removing waste from your body. Conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure can affect your kidney function. You may also need a kidney function test to diagnose or rule out an infection.
Symptoms
• Abdominal swelling (ascites)
• Enlarged blood vessels just beneath the skin’s surface.
• Enlarged spleen.
• Red palms.
• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Experimental studies and clinical observations have shown that stress can damage hepatic tissue both directly and indirectly. Many studies have partially revealed the contributors of stress‐induced liver injury; however, the whole process has not yet been uncovered.
Liver function tests can be used to: Screen for liver infections, such as hepatitis. Monitor the progression of a disease, such as viral or alcoholic hepatitis, and determine how well a treatment is working. Measure the severity of a disease, particularly scarring of the liver (cirrhosis).
Your liver function tests can be abnormal because: Your liver is inflamed (for example, by infection, toxic substances like alcohol and some medicines, or by an immune condition). Your liver cells have been damaged (for example, by toxic substances, such as alcohol, paracetamol, poisons)
The most common Liver Function tests are Bilirubin, Albumin, ALT and AST. The doctor will order this test for you if he suspects that you may be suffering from a condition that is affecting your liver. A dark coloured urine or light-coloured stools may indicate damage to the liver cells. If you are suffering from Jaundice, the liver is closely monitored. Nausea, Vomiting, diarrhoea may also warrant a liver function test.
Glycated Haemoglobin Test measures the average blood glucose levels in last three months.
High HbA1C level are seen in prediabetes and diabetes. In a patient with pre-existing diabetes it shows effectiveness of treatment and diet control. HbA1c levels below 7% are considered excellent and above 8% are considered as unsatisfactory control.
HbA1c results are given in percentages.
Normal: HbA1c below 5.7%
Prediabetes: HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%
Diabetes: HbA1c of 6.5% or higher
HbA1c is a simple blood test that does not require any fasting or other special preparation beforehand, and can be done at any time of the day. This is compared with other tests that can be used in the diagnosis of diabetes.
The A1C test is a simple blood test. You don’t need to fast for the A1C test, so you can eat and drink normally before the test.
Maintaining lipid levels within the desirable ranges helps lower risk of heart attacks and stoke.
Low HDL levels (below acceptable levels) are associated with increased risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) .
High levels of Non HDL Cholesterol (above acceptable levels) are associated with increased risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
Lipid profile test requires a blood sample. A tourniquet (elastic) band is placed tightly on the upper arm. The patient is then asked to make a fist. This helps in the build-up of blood filling the veins. The skin is disinfected before needle insertion and the blood sample is collected in vacutainer.
Lipid profile test measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL:Cholesterol ratio, HDL: Cholesterol ratio
Being sick or under stress, and taking certain medicines can affect your results. What you eat, how often you exercise, and whether you smoke can also affect your lipid profile.
In most cases, you need to fast for 10 to12 hours before your lipid panel blood test. Fasting means not eating or drinking anything except water. In some cases, getting a lipid panel test without fasting is possible.
Lipid profile test measures lipid in the blood to assess patients risk to an cardiovascular event. As per NLA-2014 guidelines, all adults above the age of 20 years should be screened for lipid status. Selective screening of children above the age of 2 years with a family history of premature cardiovascular disease or those with at least one parent with high total cholesterol is recommended.
Mental stress elicited a hypercoagulable state as evidenced by increases in TAT and D-dimer, and by a decrease in t-PA.
This usually takes less than five minutes.
A D-dimer test is a blood test that checks for, or monitors, blood-clotting problems. A positive test means the D-dimer level in the body is higher than normal and suggests someone might have blood clots.
Additionally, D-dimer levels may be elevated in the setting of pregnancy, inflammation, malignancy, trauma, postsurgical treatment, liver disease (decreased clearance), and heart disease. It is also frequently high in hospitalized patients.
There are no outrageous requirements or special preparations that must be taken for the D-Dimer blood test. And, there is no need to fast before the test. Medicines, vitamins, and other supplements may be taken as usual.
The cost of vitamin B12 testing may vary depending upon factors such as where the test is performed and whether you have health care coverage.
Insurance will usually cover the cost of vitamin B12 testing if your health care provider orders it to diagnose or monitor a medical condition. You can check with your doctor or nurse, the lab, or your health insurance company to learn more about what, if any, testing costs you are responsible for.
Vitamin B12 testing is most often performed at the doctor’s office or another medical setting like a laboratory or hospital. Vitamin B12 tests are normally prescribed by a doctor but may be available without a doctor’s orders at a walk-in lab or through an at-home test kit.
Vitamin B12 testing is usually performed when you have symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency, such as anemia or nervous system problems. Some people are at a greater risk of having a vitamin B12 deficiency due to their age or preexisting health conditions and may undergo regular vitamin B12 testing to check whether their B12 levels are normal.
The following information describes several circumstances in which vitamin B12 testing may be recommended by a doctor.
Vitamin B12 is a nutrient that is important for many aspects of human health. Adequate levels of vitamin B12 are needed for your body to maintain a healthy nervous system, make red blood cells, and create DNA, the genetic material present in all of our cells.
Vitamin B12 occurs naturally in animal proteins, such as red meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy. Other foods, like breakfast cereals, nutritional yeast, and some plant milks, may be fortified with vitamin B12. This vitamin is also available as a supplement and as a prescription medication.
In food, vitamin B12 is bound to protein. In order for your body to absorb it, the vitamin must be released from the protein. As your body digests food, enzymes in your digestive tract separate vitamin B12 from these proteins. The freed vitamin B12 then combines with a protein made by your body called intrinsic factor, which is secreted by cells in the stomach. Together, vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor are absorbed in the lower end of the small intestine.
A study found that 32% more Vitamin D3 is absorbed by the body when it is taken with a meal. It is also important to note that taking any kind of supplement (not just fat-soluble ones) on an empty stomach causes some people gastrointestinal distress, including nausea or vomiting.
Low levels of Vitamin D are associated with osteoporosis, bone weakness and increased chance of fractures. Severe deficiency can lead to Rickets and osteocalcin.
Very high levels are associated with nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness
During a vitamin d blood test, a health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your arm, using a small needle. After the needle is inserted, a small amount of blood will be collected into a test tube or vial. You may feel a little sting when the needle goes in or out. This usually takes less than five minutes.
Low vitamin D levels can help diagnose a case of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Often Vitamin D levels are tested along with serum calcium, phosphorous, parathyroid hormone.
For patients with renal diseases 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D should be tested.
Vitamin d blood test measures level of 25 hydroxy vitamin D total.
Vitamin d blood test is done to measure Vitamin D levels in body.
Testing is required to diagnose rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults which presents as bone deformity and increase risk of fracture. Levels are also estimated to monitor vitamin D replacement therapy.
In the present study, logistic regression analysis showed that anemia affected sleep quality irrespective of the psychological symptoms.
Low level of hemolglobin is seen in iron deficiency, vitamin B-12 deficiency, folate deficiency, bleeding, cancers, kidney disease and various hemoglobinopathies.
High level of hemoglobin is seen in polycythemia, dehydration, heavy smoking, extreme physical exercise, living at high altitude.
You’re losing blood from injury or illness. You lose iron anytime you lose blood. Sometimes, women have low hemoglobin levels when they have their periods. You may also lose blood if you have internal bleeding, such as a bleeding ulcer.
Hemoglobin test measures hemoglobin in the blood sample.
The hemoglobin test is often used to check for anemia, usually along with a hematocrit or as part of a complete blood count (CBC). The test may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect red blood cells (RBCs) and/or the amount of hemoglobin in blood.
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